Reduction Of Adverb Clause

 Reduction Of Adverb Clause
To Modifying Adverbial Phrase
Di Susun Oleh Kelompok 4
1. Sugianto
2. Iin inayah
3. Istianah
4. Hilyati
5. Tati Mutia
INTRODUCTION
Adverb Clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, dengan kata lain klausa subordinat ini bisa menyatakan keterangan tentang kata kerja (verb -modifierd) atau kata sifat (adjectife modifier)atau kata keterngann (adverb modifier) itu sendiri.
A. verb modifier
I worked hard(adverb)
I worked as hard I could (adverb clause)
B. adjectife modifier
She is very tired (adverb)
She is tired so that she fell asleep (adverb Clause)
C. adverb modivier
He got up unusually early (adverb)
He got up earlier than we expected (adverb clause)
Adverb phrases
Adalah sekelompok kata kerja yang saling berkaitan dengan inti kata keterngan (adverb) dan dapat berperan sebagai, keterangan waktu (time adverbial), keterangan tempat (adverb of manner) atau kata keterangan lainnya dalam suatu kalimat.
Ex: we go to school very early
Dalam arti lain adverb phrase adalah phrase yang berfungsi sebagai kata keterangan.
Ex: He run very slowly

Some Adverb Clause may also be changes are made are the same :
1. Omit the subject of the dependent clause and the be form of the verb
Ex: -Adaverb Clause:
While I was walking to- class, I ran into an old friend
-Modifying phrase:
While walking to class

2. If there is no be form of a verb, omite the subject and change the verb to- ing.
Ex: -Adverb Clause:
Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
-Modifying phrase:
Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast


 An Adverb clause can be changed to a modifiying phrase only when the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of the main clause are the same
 Ex: Change possible:
-while I was sitting in class, I fell asleep
-while sitting in class, I fell asleep.
 A modifying adverbial phrase that is the reduction of an adverb clause modivies the subject of the main clause.
 No reduction is possible if the subjects of the adverb clause and the main clause are different.
 Ex: -No change possible:
While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.

CHANGING TIME CLAUSES TO ODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES

• Adverb Clause beginning with after. Before, while, and since can be changed to modifying adverbial phrases.
Ex: Clause:
- since Maria come to this country the has made many friend
• Phrase:
- since coming to this country, Maria has made many friend.

EXPESSING THE IDEA OF”DURING THE SAME TIME” IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend
b. While walking down the street, I ran into Ian old friend
c. walking down the street, I ran into Ian old friend
d. Hiking through the woods yesterday, we saw a bear
e. Pointing to the sentence on the board, the teacher expalined the meaning of modifying phrases.

NOTE:
 Some times while is omited but the-ing phrase at the beginning of the sentence gives the same meaning(i.e,”during the same time”).(a).(b), and (c) have the same meaning.
EXPRESSING CAUSE ND EFFECT IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
• -Often an- ing phrase at the beginning of a sentence gives the meaning of “because”
Ex: -Because she needed some money. To buy a book, sue cashed a check
-Needing some money to buy a book, sue cashed a cheeck
• -Because is not included in a modifying phrase. It is omitted, but the resulting phrase express a cause and effect relationship,
Ex: -Because he lacked the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job
-Lacking the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job.

• - having + past participle gives the meaning not only of “because” but also of”before”.
-Ex:-Having seen that movie before, I don’t want to go again
-Having seen that movie before, I didn’t want to go again
• A form of be in the adverb clause may be changed to being. The use of being makes the cause and effect relationship clear.

Ex: -Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle
-Being unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
-Unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
USING UPON+-ING IN MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES
• Modifying adverbial phrases beginning with upon +-ing usually have the same meaning as adverb clause introduced by when.
Ex: - upon reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance
- When I reached the age of 21, I received my inheritance
- Upon can be shortened to on.
Ex: -On reaching the age 21, I received my inheritance.